A two-phase model for dry port location with an application to the port of Dalian in China

This paper provides guidance for an optimal and reasonable dry port layout for the port of Dalian in China. We present a two-phase framework on the location of dry ports, which solves the selection of candidate inland cities and optimal dry port location choice, respectively. Fuzzy C-Means Clustering is applied to select alternative cities in the vast hinterland of the seaport of Dalian, with a view to identify evaluation factors that affect the location selection decision. A cost-minimisation linear programming solution is proposed, with the aid of a genetic algorithm, to choose the optimal location as well as capacity level among the candidate inland cities.     

Dynamic demand estimation and prediction for traffic urban networks adopting new data sources

Nowadays, new mobility information can be derived from advanced traffic surveillance systems that collect updated traffic measurements, both in fixed locations and over specific corridors or paths. Such recent technological developments point to challenging and promising opportunities that academics and practitioners have only partially explored so far.The paper looks at some of these opportunities within the Dynamic Demand Estimation problem (DDEP). At first, data heterogeneity, accounting for different sets of data providing a wide spatial coverage, has been investigated for the benefit of off-line demand estimation. In an attempt to mimic the current urban networks monitoring, examples of complex real case applications are being reported where route travel times and route choice probabilities from probe vehicles are exploited together with common link traffic measurements.Subsequently, on-line detection of non-recurrent conditions is being recorded, adopting a sequential approach based on an extension of the Kalman Filter theory called Local Ensemble Transformed Kalman Filter (LETKF).Both the off-line and the on-line investigations adopt a simulation approach capable of capturing the highly nonlinear dependence between the travel demand and the traffic measurements through the use of dynamic traffic assignment models. Consequently, the possibility of using collected traffic information is enhanced, thus overcoming most of the limitations of current DDEP approaches found in the literature.     

VTS中雷达信息与AIS信息融合的探讨

文章对VTS中雷达信息与AIS信息的来源、种类与特点进行了比较,论证了两者信息融合的可行性与必要性,同时给出了信息的融合模型与方法,也提出信息融合需要进一步解决的问题.     

Influence of AC system design on the realisation of tractive efforts by high adhesion locomotives

The main task for heavy haul railway operators is to reduce the cost of exported minerals and enhance the long-term viability of rail transport operations through increasing productivity by running longer and heavier trains. The common opinion is that this is achievable by means of implementation of high adhesion locomotives with advanced AC traction technologies. Modern AC high adhesion locomotives are very complex mechatronic systems and can be designed with two alternative traction topologies of either bogie or individual axle controls. This paper describes a modelling approach for these two types of AC traction systems with the application of an advanced co-simulation methodology, where an electrical system and a traction algorithm are modelled in Matlab/Simulink, and a mechanical system is modelled in a multibody software package. Although the paper concentrates on the analysis of the functioning for these two types of traction control systems, the choice of reference slip values also has an influence on the performance of both systems. All these design variations and issues have been simulated for various adhesion conditions at the wheel–rail interface and their influence on the high traction performance of a locomotive equipped with two three-axle bogies has been discussed.     

基于响应面和遗传算法的柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数优化

基于台架试验数据,利用响应面法建立了某工程机械用柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数与性能的近似高精度模型,基于此模型采用遗传算法对瞬态过程喷油参数分别进行离线优化研究。结果表明:采用单目标优化确定的燃油消耗率(BSFC)、NO_x比排放量和颗粒质量(PM)比排放量的优化极限分别可达180.23g/(kW·h),8.92g/(kW·h)和0.011 8g/(kW·h),相对原机可降低多达4.5%,34.0%和37.3%。双目标优化的Pareto解集表明,相比于同时优化BSFC和NO_x比排放量,BSFC和PM比排放量更容易同时得到优化。采用权重因子适应度函数的三目标优化结果对应的BSFC,NO_x比排放量及PM比排放量分别为184.70g/(kW·h),12.62g/(kW·h)和0.012 2g/(kW·h),较原机分别降低2.1%,6.6%和35.3%。改进优化模型后,性能优化Pareto解集对应的BSFC和PM比排放量水平都非常接近其优化极限,但NO_x比排放量相对其优化极限仍然较高。     

高速公路中收费和清分的动态解决方案

在高速公路收费和清分过程中,由于新增的高速公路和收费站点特别是环型路段的增加使得原有的静态算法已经不适宜于现实情况。本文提出了高速公路中基于最短路径和环型路段的动态收费和清分解决方案,并给出了详细的基于环型路段的动态算法。环型路段问题解决后,可以判知车辆实际行车路线,从而大幅提高收费及清分的准确性和效率。     

公交通行能力约束的智能调度优化模型

公交通行能力是解决城市交通拥堵问题、促进城市公共交通系统高效运行的要素之一。介绍了公交通行能力的计算要素,并针对目前我国城市由于盲目调度造成的公交系统运营效率、服务水平下降的问题,提出将公交通行能力作为约束条件对公交调度进行优化。鉴于公交企业制订调度方案时需兼顾公交服务水平和企业效益,将智能调度的目标确定为候车时间满意度、候车空间满意度、车内舒适满意度和企业满意度加权平均值最大,并给出了相应的计算方法。最后讨论了利用遗传算法对模型进行求解的过程。     

遗传算法在沥青混凝土路面评价体系中的应用

路面评价体系需要考虑到诸多因素,而且实现方法不一而足。从统计学角度出发,将投影追踪模型应用到该领域,以投影寻踪模型作为理论方法,通过遗传算法来实现模型求解。实例描述了该方法应用的关键步骤,并指出对于数据量充分、影响因素明确的准真系统,采用投影寻踪模型进行方案决策更具有客观性。     

城际铁路列车开行方案优化分析

列车开行方案对城际铁路的运营组织至关重要,并直接影响着城际铁路运营效益。文中从旅客平均候车时间出发,提出城际旅客出行方便值的概念,基于城际铁路旅客出行方便值最大和运营组织效益最优,建立城际铁路客车开行方案优化模型,并设计该模型相应的算法。对城际铁路的运营管理决策有很好的借鉴意义。     

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研究了高峰时段列车运行的衔接协调对换乘站候车客流量的优化问题。首先分析了换乘站各站台候车客流的组成因素,确定出各运行方向的换乘站台内客流量随时间变化的规律。然后,以时段内换乘站候车客流量的最大值最小为目标,建立优化模型。模型以站台最大可容纳候车人数为约束条件,以各方向列车在换乘站的到达时刻为调整对象,实现了高峰时段换乘站内聚集客流的优化。最后,针对验证案例,设计了遗传算法进行求解,得出了协调较优解,并给出与较劣解的对比分析。结果表明,该优化方法能够有效降低换乘站内的候车客流人数,可为网络化的优化协调工作提供参考。